Cat Allergy

Allergy to cats is a common allergic reaction affecting millions worldwide. This hypersensitive response to proteins found in cat skin cells, saliva, and urine can cause a range of symptoms and significantly impact quality of life.

What Is Allergy to Cats?

An allergy to cats, or fel d 1 allergy, is an immune system reaction to proteins secreted by the sebaceous glands of cats, found in their dander (skin flakes), saliva, and urine. When a sensitive individual inhales these allergens, the immune system mistakenly identifies them as harmful, triggering an allergic reaction.

Causes of Allergy to Cats

The primary cause of cat allergies is an overreaction of the immune system to specific proteins in cat dander, saliva, and urine, especially the protein Fel d 1. The body's immune system, which typically fights off harmful viruses and bacteria, perceives these harmless proteins as a threat, leading to an allergic reaction.

Signs and Symptoms of Cat Allergy

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include:

  • Respiratory Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and nasal congestion.

  • Ocular Symptoms: Red, itchy, or watery eyes.

  • Skin Reactions: Hives, eczema, or itchiness.

  • Other Symptoms: Sore throat, fatigue, and headache.

Severe reactions, although rare, may include asthma attacks or anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Risk Factors of Allergy to Cats

Several factors can increase the risk of developing an allergy to cats:

  • Genetic Predisposition: A family history of allergies or asthma can increase susceptibility.

  • Environmental Exposure: Early and frequent exposure to cats may raise the risk, although it can sometimes lead to immunity in some individuals.

  • Other Allergies: Having other allergies increases the likelihood of developing a cat allergy.

  • Age: Cat allergies can develop at any age but are more commonly diagnosed in children.

How Is Cat Allergy Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves:

  • Medical History: Discussing symptoms and their occurrence in relation to cat exposure.

  • Physical Examination: Checking for signs of an allergic reaction.

  • Allergy Testing: Skin prick tests or specific IgE blood tests to confirm the allergy.

Skin Prick Test

A small amount of cat allergen is placed on the skin, usually on the forearm. The skin is then pricked so the allergen goes under the skin's surface. A reaction, typically a raised bump, indicates an allergy.

Specific IgE Blood Test

This measures the level of IgE antibodies in response to cat allergens. Elevated levels suggest an allergy.

Treatments for Cat Allergy

While there is no cure for cat allergies, treatments can help manage symptoms:

  • Antihistamines: Reduce sneezing, itching, and other allergic symptoms.

  • Decongestants: Relieve nasal congestion.

  • Nasal Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.

  • Leukotriene Modifiers: Block chemicals that contribute to allergic reactions.

  • Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy): Gradually increase exposure to allergens to build tolerance.

  • Lifestyle Changes: Limiting exposure to cats and maintaining a clean environment.

Severe Cases

In severe cases, where symptoms significantly impair quality of life or lead to complications like asthma, more aggressive treatment may be necessary.

Preventive Measure to Avoid Cat Allergy

Prevention focuses on minimizing exposure to cat allergens:

  • Avoidance: The most effective measure is to avoid contact with cats.

  • Environmental Controls: Use HEPA filters, keep the home clean, and reduce fabrics where allergens can accumulate.

  • Personal Hygiene: Regular hand washing and changing clothes after contact with cats can reduce exposure.

  • Allergen-Reducing Products: Certain sprays and solutions can help neutralize allergens in the environment.

  • Hypoallergenic Cats: No cat breed is completely hypoallergenic, but some breeds may cause fewer symptoms in allergic individuals.

How To Make a Home Environment Allergy Safe from a Cat Allergy

  • Clean or replace the carpeting,

  • Clean or replace furniture,

  • Clean or replace other soft material that may harbor the cat saliva antigen.

  • HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters can catch particulates as small as one micron, and are effective.

Contact Dr. Lubitz Today and Arrange a Consultation

If your asthma or allergies are getting you down, don’t suffer needlessly. Same-day appointments are available. We have multiple offices throughout Manhattan.